Amaranth protein gels
Rheological characterization of amaranth protein gels
Gel forming properties of amaranth proteins at different thermal conditions and protein concentration were studied. Gel point (G′ and G″ crossover) and gelation kinetics (G′ vs. time) were analyzed. The type of gel formed from the rheological point of view was studied analyzing the rheograms obtained from frequency sweeps. Texture properties of cold-set gels were analyzed by TPA assays. Minimum conditions for gelation were 7%, w/v and 70 °C. Elasticity of heated dispersions and gels increased with the increase of protein concentration. A high value of the network structure index was observed. This behavior could be related to the great proportion of disulfide bonds formed during amaranth protein gelation. At temperatures above 70 °C (80, 90 and 95 °C), gelation of dispersions (15%, w/v) took place at times less than 5 min. A first order kinetic gelation process with reaction rate specific constant values that increased with the increase of heating temperature was observed. A rapid denaturation of globulins followed by sulfhydryl/disulfide interchange reactions between protein molecules conduced to a gelation phenomenon enhanced by protein aggregation. Gels prepared over critical conditions (T>70 °C, protein concentration >7%, w/v) presented a strong gel-like behavior. These type of gels were elastic in nature (tan δ<0.1), of high hardness, fracturability and cohesiveness, although presented low adhesiveness. Depending on protein and thermal conditions, amaranth proteins were able to form self-supporting gels that could be applied in different gel-like foods.
M.V. Avanzaa, M.C. Puppob and M.C. Añónb,
Gel forming properties of amaranth proteins at different thermal conditions and protein concentration were studied. Gel point (G′ and G″ crossover) and gelation kinetics (G′ vs. time) were analyzed. The type of gel formed from the rheological point of view was studied analyzing the rheograms obtained from frequency sweeps. Texture properties of cold-set gels were analyzed by TPA assays. Minimum conditions for gelation were 7%, w/v and 70 °C. Elasticity of heated dispersions and gels increased with the increase of protein concentration. A high value of the network structure index was observed. This behavior could be related to the great proportion of disulfide bonds formed during amaranth protein gelation. At temperatures above 70 °C (80, 90 and 95 °C), gelation of dispersions (15%, w/v) took place at times less than 5 min. A first order kinetic gelation process with reaction rate specific constant values that increased with the increase of heating temperature was observed. A rapid denaturation of globulins followed by sulfhydryl/disulfide interchange reactions between protein molecules conduced to a gelation phenomenon enhanced by protein aggregation. Gels prepared over critical conditions (T>70 °C, protein concentration >7%, w/v) presented a strong gel-like behavior. These type of gels were elastic in nature (tan δ<0.1), of high hardness, fracturability and cohesiveness, although presented low adhesiveness. Depending on protein and thermal conditions, amaranth proteins were able to form self-supporting gels that could be applied in different gel-like foods.
M.V. Avanzaa, M.C. Puppob and M.C. Añónb,
jagger - 18. Okt, 21:11

Die Lagerstabilität von Mehl und Dunst war etwa 15 Wochen, von den Grießfraktionen etwa 6-8 Wochen. Die Produktion von vorverkleisterten Mehlen mittels Walzentrocknung lieferte vollverkleisterte Amaranthquellmehle. Die Quinoaquellmehle jedoch zeigten nach der Walzentrocknung genauso eine Peakviskosität, wie nach Heißextrusion von Quinoamehl und –dunst. Um dieses Phänomen zu klären bedarf es noch weiterer Forschung. Durch die Zugabe von Albumen, Emulgator und eventuell Enzymen (die Transglutaminase beinhalten) konnten Nudeln aus 100 % Amaranth oder Quinoa produziert werden, die vergleichbare Textureigenschaften zu Weizennudeln zeigten. Eigenschaften, die jedoch noch eingehender Forschung bedürfen, sind der Geschmack, die Elastizität und die Farbe der Nudeln. Die Brotqualität von Broten, die aus 60 % Weizenmehl und 40 % Amaranth- oder Quinoamehl produziert wurden konnte vor allem durch einen gesteigerten Wassergehalt im Teig auf mindestens 65 % verbessert werden. Diese veränderte Teigzusammensetzung verlangt nach einem unkonventionellen Brotbackverfahren. Während sensorischer Evaluierungsstudien dieser optimierten Brote wurden die Textureigenschaften ähnlich jener von marktüblichen Broten beurteilt. Während einer umfassenden Serie von Poppversuchen mittels eines mit Infrarotlampen geheizten Ofens wurde der optimale Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Amaranthsamen mit 14 % bestimmt. Eine Ausbeute an gepoppten Samen bis zu 95 % konnte erreicht werden. Der Einfluß der Amaranthvarietät auf die Poppeignung konnte ebenfalls nachgewiesen werden.